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Added installation guides for redhat linux distributions, includes OTP build guide for fedora. (#122)

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Reviewed-on: https://akkoma.dev/AkkomaGang/akkoma/pulls/122
Co-authored-by: Fristi <fristi@noreply.akkoma>
Co-committed-by: Fristi <fristi@noreply.akkoma>
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# Installing on Fedora
## OTP releases and RedHat-distributions
While the OTP releases of Akkoma work on most Linux distributions, they do not work correctly with RedHat-distributions. Therefore from-source installations are the recommended way to go when trying to install Akkoma on Fedora, Centos Stream or RedHat.
However, it is possible to compile your own OTP release of Akkoma for RedHat. Keep in mind that this has a few drawbacks, and has no particular advantage over a from-source installation, since you'll need to install Erlang and Elixir anyway.
This guide will cover a from-source installation. For instructions on how to build your own OTP release, please check out [the OTP for RedHat guide](./otp_redhat_en.md).
## Installation
This guide will assume you are on Fedora 36. This guide should also work with current releases of Centos Stream and RedHat, although it has not been tested yet. It also assumes that you have administrative rights, either as root or a user with [sudo permissions](https://docs.fedoraproject.org/en-US/quick-docs/adding_user_to_sudoers_file/). If you want to run this guide with root, ignore the `sudo` at the beginning of the lines, unless it calls a user like `sudo -Hu akkoma`; in this case, use `su <username> -s $SHELL -c 'command'` instead.
{! installation/generic_dependencies.include !}
### Prepare the system
* First update the system, if not already done:
```shell
sudo dnf upgrade --refresh
```
* Install some of the above mentioned programs:
```shell
sudo dnf install git gcc g++ make cmake file-devel postgresql postgresql-contrib
```
### Install Elixir and Erlang
* Install Elixir and Erlang:
```shell
sudo dnf install elixir erlang-os_mon erlang-eldap erlang-xmerl erlang-erl_interface erlang-syntax_tools
```
### Optional packages: [`docs/installation/optional/media_graphics_packages.md`](../installation/optional/media_graphics_packages.md)
* Install ffmpeg (requires setting up the RPM-fusion repositories):
```shell
sudo dnf -y install https://download1.rpmfusion.org/free/fedora/rpmfusion-free-release-$(rpm -E %fedora).noarch.rpm
sudo dnf -y install https://download1.rpmfusion.org/nonfree/fedora/rpmfusion-nonfree-release-$(rpm -E %fedora).noarch.rpm
sudo dnf install ffmpeg
```
* Install ImageMagick and ExifTool for image manipulation:
```shell
sudo dnf install Imagemagick perl-Image-ExifTool
```
### Install AkkomaBE
* Add a new system user for the Akkoma service:
```shell
sudo useradd -r -s /bin/false -m -d /var/lib/akkoma -U akkoma
```
**Note**: To execute a single command as the Akkoma system user, use `sudo -Hu akkoma command`. You can also switch to a shell by using `sudo -Hu akkoma $SHELL`. If you don’t have and want `sudo` on your system, you can use `su` as root user (UID 0) for a single command by using `su -l akkoma -s $SHELL -c 'command'` and `su -l akkoma -s $SHELL` for starting a shell.
* Git clone the AkkomaBE repository and make the Akkoma user the owner of the directory:
```shell
sudo mkdir -p /opt/akkoma
sudo chown -R akkoma:akkoma /opt/akkoma
sudo -Hu akkoma git clone https://akkoma.dev/AkkomaGang/akkoma.git /opt/akkoma
```
* Change to the new directory:
```shell
cd /opt/akkoma
```
* Install the dependencies for Akkoma and answer with `yes` if it asks you to install `Hex`:
```shell
sudo -Hu akkoma mix deps.get
```
* Generate the configuration: `sudo -Hu akkoma MIX_ENV=prod mix pleroma.instance gen`
* Answer with `yes` if it asks you to install `rebar3`.
* This may take some time, because parts of akkoma get compiled first.
* After that it will ask you a few questions about your instance and generates a configuration file in `config/generated_config.exs`.
* Check the configuration and if all looks right, rename it, so Akkoma will load it (`prod.secret.exs` for productive instance, `dev.secret.exs` for development instances):
```shell
sudo -Hu akkoma mv config/{generated_config.exs,prod.secret.exs}
```
* The previous command creates also the file `config/setup_db.psql`, with which you can create the database:
```shell
sudo -Hu postgres psql -f config/setup_db.psql
```
* Now run the database migration:
```shell
sudo -Hu akkoma MIX_ENV=prod mix ecto.migrate
```
* Now you can start Akkoma already
```shell
sudo -Hu akkoma MIX_ENV=prod mix phx.server
```
### Finalize installation
If you want to open your newly installed instance to the world, you should run nginx or some other webserver/proxy in front of Akkoma and you should consider to create a systemd service file for Akkoma.
#### Nginx
* Install nginx, if not already done:
```shell
sudo dnf install nginx
```
* Setup your SSL cert, using your method of choice or certbot. If using certbot, first install it:
```shell
sudo dnf install certbot
```
and then set it up:
```shell
sudo mkdir -p /var/lib/letsencrypt/
sudo certbot certonly --email <your@emailaddress> -d <yourdomain> --standalone
```
If that doesn’t work, make sure, that nginx is not already running. If it still doesn’t work, try setting up nginx first (change ssl “on” to “off” and try again).
---
* Copy the example nginx configuration and activate it:
```shell
sudo cp /opt/akkoma/installation/nginx/akkoma.nginx /etc/nginx/conf.d/akkoma.conf
```
* Before starting nginx edit the configuration and change it to your needs (e.g. change servername, change cert paths)
* Enable and start nginx:
```shell
sudo systemctl enable --now nginx.service
```
If you need to renew the certificate in the future, uncomment the relevant location block in the nginx config and run:
```shell
sudo certbot certonly --email <your@emailaddress> -d <yourdomain> --webroot -w /var/lib/letsencrypt/
```
#### Other webserver/proxies
You can find example configurations for them in `/opt/akkoma/installation/`.
#### Systemd service
* Copy example service file
```shell
sudo cp /opt/akkoma/installation/akkoma.service /etc/systemd/system/akkoma.service
```
* Edit the service file and make sure that all paths fit your installation
* Enable and start `akkoma.service`:
```shell
sudo systemctl enable --now akkoma.service
```
#### Create your first user
If your instance is up and running, you can create your first user with administrative rights with the following task:
```shell
sudo -Hu akkoma MIX_ENV=prod mix pleroma.user new <username> <your@emailaddress> --admin
```
#### Further reading
{! installation/further_reading.include !}
{! support.include !}

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## Pre-requisites
* A machine running Linux with GNU (e.g. Debian, Ubuntu) or musl (e.g. Alpine) libc and `x86_64`, `aarch64` or `armv7l` CPU, you have root access to. If you are not sure if it's compatible see [Detecting flavour section](#detecting-flavour) below
* For installing OTP releases on RedHat-based distros like Fedora and Centos Stream, please follow [this guide](./otp_redhat_en.md) instead.
* A (sub)domain pointed to the machine
You will be running commands as root. If you aren't root already, please elevate your priviledges by executing `sudo su`/`su`.

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# Installing on RedHat using OTP releases
## OTP releases and Fedora/RedHat
The current OTP builds available for Linux are unfortunately incompatible with RedHat Linux distributions, like Fedora and Centos Stream. This is due to RedHat maintaining patched versions of certain Erlang libraries, making them incompatible with other Linux distributions.
However, you may compile your own OTP release from scratch. This is particularly useful if you wish to quickly distribute your OTP build onto multiple systems, without having to worry about compiling code on every system. However, if your goal is to simply set up a single instance for yourself, installing from-source might be a simpler option. To install from-source, please follow [this guide](./fedora_based_en.md).
## Pre-requisites
In order to compile a RedHat-compatible OTP release, you will need to run a RedHat Linux distribution. This guide will assume you run Fedora 36, though it should also work on older Fedora releases and other RedHat distributions. It also assumes that you have administrative rights and sufficient knowledge on how to perform common CLI tasks in Linux. If you want to run this guide with root, ignore the `sudo` at the beginning of the lines.
Important: keep in mind that you must build your OTP release for the specific RedHat distribution you wish to use it on. A build on Fedora will only be compatible with a specific Fedora release version.
## Building an OTP release for Fedora 36
### Installing required packages
* First, update your system, if not already done:
```shell
sudo dnf upgrade --refresh
```
* Then install the required packages to build your OTP release:
```shell
sudo dnf install git gcc g++ erlang elixir erlang-os_mon erlang-eldap erlang-xmerl erlang-erl_interface erlang-syntax_tools make cmake file-devel
```
### Preparing the project files
* Git clone the AkkomaBE repository. This can be done anywhere:
```shell
cd ~
git clone https://akkoma.dev/AkkomaGang/akkoma.git
```
* Change to the new directory:
```shell
cd ./akkoma
```
### Building the OTP release
* Run the following commands:
```shell
export MIX_ENV=prod
echo "import Config" > config/prod.secret.exs
mix local.hex --force
mix local.rebar --force
mix deps.get --only prod
mkdir release
mix release --path release
```
Note that compiling the OTP release will take some time. Once it completes, you will find the OTP files in the directory `release`.
If all went well, you will have built your very own Fedora-compatible OTP release! You can now pack up the files in the `release` directory and deploy them to your other Fedora servers.
## Installing the OTP release
Installing the OTP release from this point onward will be very similar to the regular OTP release. This guide assumes you will want to install your OTP package on other systems, so additional pre-requisites will be listed below.
Please note that running your own OTP release has some minor caveats that you should be aware of. They will be listed below as well.
### Installing required packages
Other than things bundled in the OTP release Akkoma depends on:
* curl (to download the release build)
* ncurses (ERTS won't run without it)
* PostgreSQL (also utilizes extensions in postgresql-contrib)
* nginx (could be swapped with another reverse proxy but this guide covers only it)
* certbot (for Let's Encrypt certificates, could be swapped with another ACME client, but this guide covers only it)
* libmagic/file
First, update your system, if not already done:
```shell
sudo dnf upgrade --refresh
```
Then install the required packages:
```shell
sudo dnf install curl ncurses postgresql postgresql-contrib nginx certbot file-devel
```
### Optional packages: [`docs/installation/optional/media_graphics_packages.md`](../installation/optional/media_graphics_packages.md)
* Install ffmpeg (requires setting up the RPM-fusion repositories):
```shell
sudo dnf -y install https://download1.rpmfusion.org/free/fedora/rpmfusion-free-release-$(rpm -E %fedora).noarch.rpm
sudo dnf -y install https://download1.rpmfusion.org/nonfree/fedora/rpmfusion-nonfree-release-$(rpm -E %fedora).noarch.rpm
sudo dnf install ffmpeg
```
* Install ImageMagick and ExifTool for image manipulation:
```shell
sudo dnf install Imagemagick perl-Image-ExifTool
```
### Configuring PostgreSQL
#### (Optional) Performance configuration
It is encouraged to check [Optimizing your PostgreSQL performance](../configuration/postgresql.md) document, for tips on PostgreSQL tuning.
Restart PostgreSQL to apply configuration changes:
```shell
sudo systemctl restart postgresql
```
### Installing Akkoma
```sh
# Create a Akkoma user
adduser --system --shell /bin/false --home /opt/akkoma akkoma
# Move your custom OTP release to the home directory
sudo -Hu akkoma mv /your/custom/otp/release /opt/akkoma
# Create uploads directory and set proper permissions (skip if planning to use a remote uploader)
# Note: It does not have to be `/var/lib/akkoma/uploads`, the config generator will ask about the upload directory later
sudo mkdir -p /var/lib/akkoma/uploads
sudo chown -R akkoma /var/lib/akkoma
# Create custom public files directory (custom emojis, frontend bundle overrides, robots.txt, etc.)
# Note: It does not have to be `/var/lib/akkoma/static`, the config generator will ask about the custom public files directory later
sudo mkdir -p /var/lib/akkoma/static
sudo chown -R akkoma /var/lib/akkoma
# Create a config directory
sudo mkdir -p /etc/akkoma
sudo chown -R akkoma /etc/akkoma
# Run the config generator
sudo -Hu akkoma ./bin/pleroma_ctl instance gen --output /etc/akkoma/config.exs --output-psql /tmp/setup_db.psql
# Create the postgres database
sudo -Hu postgres psql -f /tmp/setup_db.psql
# Create the database schema
sudo -Hu akkoma ./bin/pleroma_ctl migrate
# Start the instance to verify that everything is working as expected
sudo -Hu akkoma ./bin/pleroma daemon
# Wait for about 20 seconds and query the instance endpoint, if it shows your uri, name and email correctly, you are configured correctly
sleep 20 && curl http://localhost:4000/api/v1/instance
# Stop the instance
sudo -Hu akkoma ./bin/pleroma stop
```
### Setting up nginx and getting Let's Encrypt SSL certificaties
#### Get a Let's Encrypt certificate
```shell
certbot certonly --standalone --preferred-challenges http -d yourinstance.tld
```
#### Copy Akkoma nginx configuration to the nginx folder
```shell
cp /opt/akkoma/installation/nginx/akkoma.nginx /etc/nginx/conf.d/akkoma.conf
```
#### Edit the nginx config
```shell
# Replace example.tld with your (sub)domain (replace $EDITOR with your editor of choice)
sudo $EDITOR /etc/nginx/conf.d/akkoma.conf
# Verify that the config is valid
sudo nginx -t
```
#### Start nginx
```shell
sudo systemctl start nginx
```
At this point if you open your (sub)domain in a browser you should see a 502 error, that's because Akkoma is not started yet.
### Setting up a system service
```shell
# Copy the service into a proper directory
cp /opt/akkoma/installation/akkoma.service /etc/systemd/system/akkoma.service
# Edit the service file and make any neccesary changes
sudo $EDITOR /etc/systemd/system/akkoma.service
# If you use SELinux, set the correct file context on the pleroma binary
sudo semanage fcontext -a -t init_t /opt/akkoma/bin/pleroma
sudo restorecon -v /opt/akkoma/bin/pleroma
# Start akkoma and enable it on boot
sudo systemctl start akkoma
sudo systemctl enable akkoma
```
If everything worked, you should see a response from Akkoma-BE when visiting your domain. You may need to install frontends like Akkoma-FE and Admin-FE; refer to [this guide](../administration/CLI_tasks/frontend.md) on how to install them.
If that didn't happen, try reviewing the installation steps, starting Akkoma in the foreground and seeing if there are any errrors.
{! support.include !}
## Post installation
### Setting up auto-renew of the Let's Encrypt certificate
```shell
# Create the directory for webroot challenges
sudo mkdir -p /var/lib/letsencrypt
# Uncomment the webroot method
sudo $EDITOR /etc/nginx/conf.d/akkoma.conf
# Verify that the config is valid
sudo nginx -t
# Restart nginx
sudo systemctl restart nginx
# Ensure the webroot menthod and post hook is working
sudo certbot renew --cert-name yourinstance.tld --webroot -w /var/lib/letsencrypt/ --dry-run --post-hook 'systemctl reload nginx'
# Add it to the daily cron
echo '#!/bin/sh
certbot renew --cert-name yourinstance.tld --webroot -w /var/lib/letsencrypt/ --post-hook "systemctl reload nginx"
' > /etc/cron.daily/renew-akkoma-cert
sudo chmod +x /etc/cron.daily/renew-akkoma-cert
# If everything worked the output should contain /etc/cron.daily/renew-akkoma-cert
sudo run-parts --test /etc/cron.daily
```
## Create your first user and set as admin
```shell
cd /opt/akkoma
sudo -Hu akkoma ./bin/pleroma_ctl user new joeuser joeuser@sld.tld --admin
```
This will create an account withe the username of 'joeuser' with the email address of joeuser@sld.tld, and set that user's account as an admin. This will result in a link that you can paste into the browser, which logs you in and enables you to set the password.
## Further reading
### Caveats of building your own OTP release
There are some things to take note of when your are running your own OTP builds.
#### Updating your OTP builds
Using your custom OTP build, you will not be able to update the installation using the `pleroma_ctl update` command. Running this command would overwrite your install with an OTP release from the main Akkoma repository, which will break your install.
Instead, you will have to rebuild your OTP release every time there are updates, then manually move it to where your Akkoma installation is running, overwriting the old OTP release files. Make sure to stop the Akkoma-BE server before overwriting any files!
After that, run the `pleroma_ctl migrate` command as usual to perform database migrations.
#### Cross-compatibility between RedHat distributions
As it currently stands, your OTP build will only be compatible for the specific RedHat distribution you've built it on. Fedora builds only work on Fedora, Centos builds only on Centos, RedHat builds only on RedHat. Secondly, for Fedora, they will also be bound to the specific Fedora release. This is because different releases of Fedora may have significant changes made in some of the required packages and libraries.
{! installation/further_reading.include !}
{! support.include !}