504 lines
45 KiB
HTML
504 lines
45 KiB
HTML
<!DOCTYPE html>
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<title>Administración de servidores – Novoa en español</title>
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<meta name="description" content="Recomendaciones generales Creo que en primer lugar debes saber y conocer el entorno y/o sistema con el que estas trabajando, en mis servidores he optado por Debian por su versatilidad (en términos de servidores), disponibilidad y estabilidad.
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Sobre Debian debes de saber que hay muchos paquetes o software de servidor que puedes instalar directamente desde su administrador de paquetes, no teniendo que compilar el software ni variables de entorno ni nada, lo único que quedaría en manos del administrador sería justamente administrar los servicios, sin necesidad de complicaciones en absoluto." />
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<meta property="og:title" content="Administración de servidores" />
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<meta property="og:description" content="Portal de toda la documentación y servicios de Novoa." />
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<meta property="og:type" content="website" />
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<meta property="og:url" content="https://portal.novoa.nagoya/docs/sysadmin/" /><meta property="og:site_name" content="Novoa en español" />
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<meta itemprop="name" content="Administración de servidores">
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<meta itemprop="description" content="Portal de toda la documentación y servicios de Novoa."><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary"/>
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<meta name="twitter:title" content="Administración de servidores"/>
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<meta name="twitter:description" content="Portal de toda la documentación y servicios de Novoa."/>
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const defaultTheme = 'system';
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document.documentElement.classList.add("dark");
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document.documentElement.classList.remove("dark");
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document.documentElement.style.colorScheme = "light";
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</head>
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<body dir="ltr"><div class="nav-container sticky top-0 z-20 w-full bg-transparent print:hidden">
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<div class="nav-container-blur pointer-events-none absolute z-[-1] h-full w-full bg-white dark:bg-dark shadow-[0_2px_4px_rgba(0,0,0,.02),0_1px_0_rgba(0,0,0,.06)] contrast-more:shadow-[0_0_0_1px_#000] dark:shadow-[0_-1px_0_rgba(255,255,255,.1)_inset] contrast-more:dark:shadow-[0_0_0_1px_#fff]"></div>
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<nav class="mx-auto flex items-center justify-end gap-2 h-16 px-6 max-w-[90rem]">
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<a class="flex items-center hover:opacity-75 ltr:mr-auto rtl:ml-auto" href="/">
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<img class="block dark:hidden" src="/images/logo.svg" alt="Novoa en español" height="20" width="20" />
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<img class="hidden dark:block" src="/images/logo-dark.svg" alt="Novoa en español" height="20" width="20" />
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<span class="mx-2 font-extrabold inline select-none" title="Novoa en español">Novoa en español</span>
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</a><a
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title="Documentación"
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href="/docs"
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class="text-sm contrast-more:text-gray-700 contrast-more:dark:text-gray-100 relative -ml-2 hidden whitespace-nowrap p-2 md:inline-block font-medium"
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>
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<span class="text-center">Documentación</span>
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</a><a
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title="Acerca de"
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href="/novoa"
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class="text-sm contrast-more:text-gray-700 contrast-more:dark:text-gray-100 relative -ml-2 hidden whitespace-nowrap p-2 md:inline-block text-gray-600 hover:text-gray-800 dark:text-gray-400 dark:hover:text-gray-200"
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>
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<span class="text-center">Acerca de</span>
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</a><a
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title="Servicios ↗"
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href="/servicios"
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class="text-sm contrast-more:text-gray-700 contrast-more:dark:text-gray-100 relative -ml-2 hidden whitespace-nowrap p-2 md:inline-block text-gray-600 hover:text-gray-800 dark:text-gray-400 dark:hover:text-gray-200"
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>
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<span class="text-center">Servicios ↗</span>
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</a><div class="search-wrapper relative md:w-64">
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<div class="relative flex items-center text-gray-900 contrast-more:text-gray-800 dark:text-gray-300 contrast-more:dark:text-gray-300">
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<input
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placeholder="Buscar..."
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class="search-input block w-full appearance-none rounded-lg px-3 py-2 transition-colors text-base leading-tight md:text-sm bg-black/[.05] dark:bg-gray-50/10 focus:bg-white dark:focus:bg-dark placeholder:text-gray-500 dark:placeholder:text-gray-400 contrast-more:border contrast-more:border-current"
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type="search"
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value=""
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spellcheck="false"
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/>
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<kbd
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class="absolute my-1.5 select-none ltr:right-1.5 rtl:left-1.5 h-5 rounded bg-white px-1.5 font-mono text-[10px] font-medium text-gray-500 border dark:border-gray-100/20 dark:bg-dark/50 contrast-more:border-current contrast-more:text-current contrast-more:dark:border-current items-center gap-1 transition-opacity pointer-events-none hidden sm:flex"
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>
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CTRL K
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</kbd>
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</div>
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<div>
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<ul
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class="search-results hextra-scrollbar hidden border border-gray-200 bg-white text-gray-100 dark:border-neutral-800 dark:bg-neutral-900 absolute top-full z-20 mt-2 overflow-auto overscroll-contain rounded-xl py-2.5 shadow-xl max-h-[min(calc(50vh-11rem-env(safe-area-inset-bottom)),400px)] md:max-h-[min(calc(100vh-5rem-env(safe-area-inset-bottom)),400px)] inset-x-0 ltr:md:left-auto rtl:md:right-auto contrast-more:border contrast-more:border-gray-900 contrast-more:dark:border-gray-50 w-screen min-h-[100px] max-w-[min(calc(100vw-2rem),calc(100%+20rem))]"
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style="transition: max-height 0.2s ease 0s;"
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></ul>
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</div>
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</div>
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<a class="p-2 text-current" target="_blank" rel="noreferer" href="https://git.froth.zone/ren/Novoa" title="SourceCode"><svg height=24 fill="currentColor" viewBox="3 3 18 18">
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<path d="M12 3C7.0275 3 3 7.12937 3 12.2276C3 16.3109 5.57625 19.7597 9.15374 20.9824C9.60374 21.0631 9.77249 20.7863 9.77249 20.5441C9.77249 20.3249 9.76125 19.5982 9.76125 18.8254C7.5 19.2522 6.915 18.2602 6.735 17.7412C6.63375 17.4759 6.19499 16.6569 5.8125 16.4378C5.4975 16.2647 5.0475 15.838 5.80124 15.8264C6.51 15.8149 7.01625 16.4954 7.18499 16.7723C7.99499 18.1679 9.28875 17.7758 9.80625 17.5335C9.885 16.9337 10.1212 16.53 10.38 16.2993C8.3775 16.0687 6.285 15.2728 6.285 11.7432C6.285 10.7397 6.63375 9.9092 7.20749 9.26326C7.1175 9.03257 6.8025 8.08674 7.2975 6.81794C7.2975 6.81794 8.05125 6.57571 9.77249 7.76377C10.4925 7.55615 11.2575 7.45234 12.0225 7.45234C12.7875 7.45234 13.5525 7.55615 14.2725 7.76377C15.9937 6.56418 16.7475 6.81794 16.7475 6.81794C17.2424 8.08674 16.9275 9.03257 16.8375 9.26326C17.4113 9.9092 17.76 10.7281 17.76 11.7432C17.76 15.2843 15.6563 16.0687 13.6537 16.2993C13.98 16.5877 14.2613 17.1414 14.2613 18.0065C14.2613 19.2407 14.25 20.2326 14.25 20.5441C14.25 20.7863 14.4188 21.0746 14.8688 20.9824C16.6554 20.364 18.2079 19.1866 19.3078 17.6162C20.4077 16.0457 20.9995 14.1611 21 12.2276C21 7.12937 16.9725 3 12 3Z"></path>
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</svg>
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<span class="sr-only">SourceCode</span>
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</a><a class="p-2 text-current" target="_blank" rel="noreferer" href="https://novoa.nagoya/" title="Fediverso"><svg height=24 xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path fill="currentColor" d="M23.268 5.313c-.35-2.578-2.617-4.61-5.304-5.004C17.51.242 15.792 0 11.813 0h-.03c-3.98 0-4.835.242-5.288.309C3.882.692 1.496 2.518.917 5.127.64 6.412.61 7.837.661 9.143c.074 1.874.088 3.745.26 5.611.118 1.24.325 2.47.62 3.68.55 2.237 2.777 4.098 4.96 4.857 2.336.792 4.849.923 7.256.38.265-.061.527-.132.786-.213.585-.184 1.27-.39 1.774-.753a.057.057 0 0 0 .023-.043v-1.809a.052.052 0 0 0-.02-.041.053.053 0 0 0-.046-.01 20.282 20.282 0 0 1-4.709.545c-2.73 0-3.463-1.284-3.674-1.818a5.593 5.593 0 0 1-.319-1.433.053.053 0 0 1 .066-.054c1.517.363 3.072.546 4.632.546.376 0 .75 0 1.125-.01 1.57-.044 3.224-.124 4.768-.422.038-.008.077-.015.11-.024 2.435-.464 4.753-1.92 4.989-5.604.008-.145.03-1.52.03-1.67.002-.512.167-3.63-.024-5.545zm-3.748 9.195h-2.561V8.29c0-1.309-.55-1.976-1.67-1.976-1.23 0-1.846.79-1.846 2.35v3.403h-2.546V8.663c0-1.56-.617-2.35-1.848-2.35-1.112 0-1.668.668-1.67 1.977v6.218H4.822V8.102c0-1.31.337-2.35 1.011-3.12.696-.77 1.608-1.164 2.74-1.164 1.311 0 2.302.5 2.962 1.498l.638 1.06.638-1.06c.66-.999 1.65-1.498 2.96-1.498 1.13 0 2.043.395 2.74 1.164.675.77 1.012 1.81 1.012 3.12z"></path></svg><span class="sr-only">Fediverso</span>
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</a><button type="button" aria-label="Menu" class="hamburger-menu -mr-2 rounded p-2 active:bg-gray-400/20 md:hidden"><svg height=24 fill="none" viewBox="0 0 24 24" stroke="currentColor"><g><path stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M4 8H20"></path></g><g><path stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M4 16H20"></path></g></svg></button>
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</nav>
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</div>
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<div class='mx-auto flex max-w-screen-xl'>
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<div class="mobile-menu-overlay [transition:background-color_1.5s_ease] fixed inset-0 z-10 bg-black/80 dark:bg-black/60 hidden"></div>
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<aside class="sidebar-container flex flex-col print:hidden md:top-16 md:shrink-0 md:w-64 md:self-start max-md:[transform:translate3d(0,-100%,0)] md:sticky">
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<div class="px-4 pt-4 md:hidden">
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<div class="search-wrapper relative md:w-64">
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<div class="relative flex items-center text-gray-900 contrast-more:text-gray-800 dark:text-gray-300 contrast-more:dark:text-gray-300">
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<input
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placeholder="Buscar..."
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class="search-input block w-full appearance-none rounded-lg px-3 py-2 transition-colors text-base leading-tight md:text-sm bg-black/[.05] dark:bg-gray-50/10 focus:bg-white dark:focus:bg-dark placeholder:text-gray-500 dark:placeholder:text-gray-400 contrast-more:border contrast-more:border-current"
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type="search"
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value=""
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spellcheck="false"
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/>
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<kbd
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class="absolute my-1.5 select-none ltr:right-1.5 rtl:left-1.5 h-5 rounded bg-white px-1.5 font-mono text-[10px] font-medium text-gray-500 border dark:border-gray-100/20 dark:bg-dark/50 contrast-more:border-current contrast-more:text-current contrast-more:dark:border-current items-center gap-1 transition-opacity pointer-events-none hidden sm:flex"
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>
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CTRL K
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</kbd>
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</div>
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<div>
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<ul
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class="search-results hextra-scrollbar hidden border border-gray-200 bg-white text-gray-100 dark:border-neutral-800 dark:bg-neutral-900 absolute top-full z-20 mt-2 overflow-auto overscroll-contain rounded-xl py-2.5 shadow-xl max-h-[min(calc(50vh-11rem-env(safe-area-inset-bottom)),400px)] md:max-h-[min(calc(100vh-5rem-env(safe-area-inset-bottom)),400px)] inset-x-0 ltr:md:left-auto rtl:md:right-auto contrast-more:border contrast-more:border-gray-900 contrast-more:dark:border-gray-50 w-screen min-h-[100px] max-w-[min(calc(100vw-2rem),calc(100%+20rem))]"
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style="transition: max-height 0.2s ease 0s;"
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></ul>
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||
</div>
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||
</div>
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||
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||
</div>
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<div class="hextra-scrollbar overflow-y-auto overflow-x-hidden p-4 grow md:h-[calc(100vh-var(--navbar-height)-var(--menu-height))]">
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<ul class="flex flex-col gap-1 md:hidden">
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<li class="open"><a
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class="flex items-center justify-between gap-2 cursor-pointer rounded px-2 py-1.5 text-sm transition-colors [-webkit-tap-highlight-color:transparent] [-webkit-touch-callout:none] [word-break:break-word]
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text-gray-500 hover:bg-gray-100 hover:text-gray-900 contrast-more:border contrast-more:border-transparent contrast-more:text-gray-900 contrast-more:hover:border-gray-900 dark:text-neutral-400 dark:hover:bg-primary-100/5 dark:hover:text-gray-50 contrast-more:dark:text-gray-50 contrast-more:dark:hover:border-gray-50"
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href="/docs/"
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>Documentación de Novoa
|
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<span class="hextra-sidebar-collapsible-button"><svg fill="none" viewBox="0 0 24 24" stroke="currentColor" class="h-[18px] min-w-[18px] rounded-sm p-0.5 hover:bg-gray-800/5 dark:hover:bg-gray-100/5"><path stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5l7 7-7 7" class="origin-center transition-transform rtl:-rotate-180"></path></svg></span>
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||
</a><div class="ltr:pr-0 overflow-hidden">
|
||
<ul class='relative flex flex-col gap-1 before:absolute before:inset-y-1 before:w-px before:bg-gray-200 before:content-[""] ltr:ml-3 ltr:pl-3 ltr:before:left-0 rtl:mr-3 rtl:pr-3 rtl:before:right-0 dark:before:bg-neutral-800'><li class="flex flex-col "><a
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class="flex items-center justify-between gap-2 cursor-pointer rounded px-2 py-1.5 text-sm transition-colors [-webkit-tap-highlight-color:transparent] [-webkit-touch-callout:none] [word-break:break-word]
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text-gray-500 hover:bg-gray-100 hover:text-gray-900 contrast-more:border contrast-more:border-transparent contrast-more:text-gray-900 contrast-more:hover:border-gray-900 dark:text-neutral-400 dark:hover:bg-primary-100/5 dark:hover:text-gray-50 contrast-more:dark:text-gray-50 contrast-more:dark:hover:border-gray-50"
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href="/docs/fediverso/"
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>Fediverso
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||
<span class="hextra-sidebar-collapsible-button"><svg fill="none" viewBox="0 0 24 24" stroke="currentColor" class="h-[18px] min-w-[18px] rounded-sm p-0.5 hover:bg-gray-800/5 dark:hover:bg-gray-100/5"><path stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5l7 7-7 7" class="origin-center transition-transform rtl:-rotate-180"></path></svg></span>
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</a>
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||
<div class="ltr:pr-0 overflow-hidden">
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||
<ul class='relative flex flex-col gap-1 before:absolute before:inset-y-1 before:w-px before:bg-gray-200 before:content-[""] ltr:ml-3 ltr:pl-3 ltr:before:left-0 rtl:mr-3 rtl:pr-3 rtl:before:right-0 dark:before:bg-neutral-800'><li class="flex flex-col "><a
|
||
class="flex items-center justify-between gap-2 cursor-pointer rounded px-2 py-1.5 text-sm transition-colors [-webkit-tap-highlight-color:transparent] [-webkit-touch-callout:none] [word-break:break-word]
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||
text-gray-500 hover:bg-gray-100 hover:text-gray-900 contrast-more:border contrast-more:border-transparent contrast-more:text-gray-900 contrast-more:hover:border-gray-900 dark:text-neutral-400 dark:hover:bg-primary-100/5 dark:hover:text-gray-50 contrast-more:dark:text-gray-50 contrast-more:dark:hover:border-gray-50"
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href="/docs/fediverso/disclaimer/"
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>Disclaimer
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</a>
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||
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</li></ul>
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</div>
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||
</li><li class="flex flex-col open"><a
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class="flex items-center justify-between gap-2 cursor-pointer rounded px-2 py-1.5 text-sm transition-colors [-webkit-tap-highlight-color:transparent] [-webkit-touch-callout:none] [word-break:break-word]
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||
sidebar-active-item bg-primary-100 font-semibold text-primary-800 contrast-more:border contrast-more:border-primary-500 dark:bg-primary-400/10 dark:text-primary-600 contrast-more:dark:border-primary-500"
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||
href="/docs/sysadmin/"
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||
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>Administración de servidores
|
||
<span class="hextra-sidebar-collapsible-button"><svg fill="none" viewBox="0 0 24 24" stroke="currentColor" class="h-[18px] min-w-[18px] rounded-sm p-0.5 hover:bg-gray-800/5 dark:hover:bg-gray-100/5"><path stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5l7 7-7 7" class="origin-center transition-transform rtl:-rotate-180"></path></svg></span>
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</a>
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||
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<ul class='flex flex-col gap-1 relative before:absolute before:inset-y-1 before:w-px before:bg-gray-200 before:content-[""] dark:before:bg-neutral-800 ltr:pl-3 ltr:before:left-0 rtl:pr-3 rtl:before:right-0 ltr:ml-3 rtl:mr-3'><li>
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||
<a
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href="#recomendaciones-generales"
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class="flex rounded px-2 py-1.5 text-sm transition-colors [word-break:break-word] cursor-pointer [-webkit-tap-highlight-color:transparent] [-webkit-touch-callout:none] contrast-more:border gap-2 before:opacity-25 before:content-['#'] text-gray-500 hover:bg-gray-100 hover:text-gray-900 dark:text-neutral-400 dark:hover:bg-primary-100/5 dark:hover:text-gray-50 contrast-more:text-gray-900 contrast-more:dark:text-gray-50 contrast-more:border-transparent contrast-more:hover:border-gray-900 contrast-more:dark:hover:border-gray-50"
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>Recomendaciones generales</a>
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</li>
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||
<li>
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<a
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href="#usuarios-en-linuxunix"
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||
class="flex rounded px-2 py-1.5 text-sm transition-colors [word-break:break-word] cursor-pointer [-webkit-tap-highlight-color:transparent] [-webkit-touch-callout:none] contrast-more:border gap-2 before:opacity-25 before:content-['#'] text-gray-500 hover:bg-gray-100 hover:text-gray-900 dark:text-neutral-400 dark:hover:bg-primary-100/5 dark:hover:text-gray-50 contrast-more:text-gray-900 contrast-more:dark:text-gray-50 contrast-more:border-transparent contrast-more:hover:border-gray-900 contrast-more:dark:hover:border-gray-50"
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>Usuarios en linux/UNIX</a>
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</li>
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||
</ul>
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||
|
||
<div class="ltr:pr-0 overflow-hidden">
|
||
<ul class='relative flex flex-col gap-1 before:absolute before:inset-y-1 before:w-px before:bg-gray-200 before:content-[""] ltr:ml-3 ltr:pl-3 ltr:before:left-0 rtl:mr-3 rtl:pr-3 rtl:before:right-0 dark:before:bg-neutral-800'><li class="flex flex-col "><a
|
||
class="flex items-center justify-between gap-2 cursor-pointer rounded px-2 py-1.5 text-sm transition-colors [-webkit-tap-highlight-color:transparent] [-webkit-touch-callout:none] [word-break:break-word]
|
||
text-gray-500 hover:bg-gray-100 hover:text-gray-900 contrast-more:border contrast-more:border-transparent contrast-more:text-gray-900 contrast-more:hover:border-gray-900 dark:text-neutral-400 dark:hover:bg-primary-100/5 dark:hover:text-gray-50 contrast-more:dark:text-gray-50 contrast-more:dark:hover:border-gray-50"
|
||
href="/docs/sysadmin/util/"
|
||
|
||
>Servidores
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
</li></ul>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</li><li class="flex flex-col "><a
|
||
class="flex items-center justify-between gap-2 cursor-pointer rounded px-2 py-1.5 text-sm transition-colors [-webkit-tap-highlight-color:transparent] [-webkit-touch-callout:none] [word-break:break-word]
|
||
text-gray-500 hover:bg-gray-100 hover:text-gray-900 contrast-more:border contrast-more:border-transparent contrast-more:text-gray-900 contrast-more:hover:border-gray-900 dark:text-neutral-400 dark:hover:bg-primary-100/5 dark:hover:text-gray-50 contrast-more:dark:text-gray-50 contrast-more:dark:hover:border-gray-50"
|
||
href="/docs/misskey/"
|
||
|
||
>Misskey en Novoa
|
||
<span class="hextra-sidebar-collapsible-button"><svg fill="none" viewBox="0 0 24 24" stroke="currentColor" class="h-[18px] min-w-[18px] rounded-sm p-0.5 hover:bg-gray-800/5 dark:hover:bg-gray-100/5"><path stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5l7 7-7 7" class="origin-center transition-transform rtl:-rotate-180"></path></svg></span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
<div class="ltr:pr-0 overflow-hidden">
|
||
<ul class='relative flex flex-col gap-1 before:absolute before:inset-y-1 before:w-px before:bg-gray-200 before:content-[""] ltr:ml-3 ltr:pl-3 ltr:before:left-0 rtl:mr-3 rtl:pr-3 rtl:before:right-0 dark:before:bg-neutral-800'><li class="flex flex-col "><a
|
||
class="flex items-center justify-between gap-2 cursor-pointer rounded px-2 py-1.5 text-sm transition-colors [-webkit-tap-highlight-color:transparent] [-webkit-touch-callout:none] [word-break:break-word]
|
||
text-gray-500 hover:bg-gray-100 hover:text-gray-900 contrast-more:border contrast-more:border-transparent contrast-more:text-gray-900 contrast-more:hover:border-gray-900 dark:text-neutral-400 dark:hover:bg-primary-100/5 dark:hover:text-gray-50 contrast-more:dark:text-gray-50 contrast-more:dark:hover:border-gray-50"
|
||
href="/docs/misskey/actualizar/"
|
||
|
||
>Actualizar Misskey
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
</li><li class="flex flex-col "><a
|
||
class="flex items-center justify-between gap-2 cursor-pointer rounded px-2 py-1.5 text-sm transition-colors [-webkit-tap-highlight-color:transparent] [-webkit-touch-callout:none] [word-break:break-word]
|
||
text-gray-500 hover:bg-gray-100 hover:text-gray-900 contrast-more:border contrast-more:border-transparent contrast-more:text-gray-900 contrast-more:hover:border-gray-900 dark:text-neutral-400 dark:hover:bg-primary-100/5 dark:hover:text-gray-50 contrast-more:dark:text-gray-50 contrast-more:dark:hover:border-gray-50"
|
||
href="/docs/misskey/sys-units/"
|
||
|
||
>Integración al sistema
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
</li><li class="flex flex-col "><a
|
||
class="flex items-center justify-between gap-2 cursor-pointer rounded px-2 py-1.5 text-sm transition-colors [-webkit-tap-highlight-color:transparent] [-webkit-touch-callout:none] [word-break:break-word]
|
||
text-gray-500 hover:bg-gray-100 hover:text-gray-900 contrast-more:border contrast-more:border-transparent contrast-more:text-gray-900 contrast-more:hover:border-gray-900 dark:text-neutral-400 dark:hover:bg-primary-100/5 dark:hover:text-gray-50 contrast-more:dark:text-gray-50 contrast-more:dark:hover:border-gray-50"
|
||
href="/docs/misskey/http-server/"
|
||
|
||
>Servidor HTTP
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
</li></ul>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</li></ul>
|
||
</div></li>
|
||
<li class=""><a
|
||
class="flex items-center justify-between gap-2 cursor-pointer rounded px-2 py-1.5 text-sm transition-colors [-webkit-tap-highlight-color:transparent] [-webkit-touch-callout:none] [word-break:break-word]
|
||
text-gray-500 hover:bg-gray-100 hover:text-gray-900 contrast-more:border contrast-more:border-transparent contrast-more:text-gray-900 contrast-more:hover:border-gray-900 dark:text-neutral-400 dark:hover:bg-primary-100/5 dark:hover:text-gray-50 contrast-more:dark:text-gray-50 contrast-more:dark:hover:border-gray-50"
|
||
href="/novoa/"
|
||
|
||
>Acerca de Novoa
|
||
</a></li>
|
||
<li class="[word-break:break-word] mt-5 mb-2 px-2 py-1.5 text-sm font-semibold text-gray-900 first:mt-0 dark:text-gray-100">
|
||
<span class="cursor-default">Más información</span>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li><a
|
||
class="flex items-center justify-between gap-2 cursor-pointer rounded px-2 py-1.5 text-sm transition-colors [-webkit-tap-highlight-color:transparent] [-webkit-touch-callout:none] [word-break:break-word]
|
||
text-gray-500 hover:bg-gray-100 hover:text-gray-900 contrast-more:border contrast-more:border-transparent contrast-more:text-gray-900 contrast-more:hover:border-gray-900 dark:text-neutral-400 dark:hover:bg-primary-100/5 dark:hover:text-gray-50 contrast-more:dark:text-gray-50 contrast-more:dark:hover:border-gray-50"
|
||
href="/novoa/"
|
||
|
||
>Acerca de</a></li>
|
||
|
||
<li><a
|
||
class="flex items-center justify-between gap-2 cursor-pointer rounded px-2 py-1.5 text-sm transition-colors [-webkit-tap-highlight-color:transparent] [-webkit-touch-callout:none] [word-break:break-word]
|
||
text-gray-500 hover:bg-gray-100 hover:text-gray-900 contrast-more:border contrast-more:border-transparent contrast-more:text-gray-900 contrast-more:hover:border-gray-900 dark:text-neutral-400 dark:hover:bg-primary-100/5 dark:hover:text-gray-50 contrast-more:dark:text-gray-50 contrast-more:dark:hover:border-gray-50"
|
||
href="https://gohugo.io/documentation/"
|
||
target="_blank" rel="noreferer"
|
||
>Hugo Docs ↗</a></li>
|
||
|
||
</ul>
|
||
|
||
<ul class="flex flex-col gap-1 max-md:hidden">
|
||
|
||
<li class=""><a
|
||
class="flex items-center justify-between gap-2 cursor-pointer rounded px-2 py-1.5 text-sm transition-colors [-webkit-tap-highlight-color:transparent] [-webkit-touch-callout:none] [word-break:break-word]
|
||
text-gray-500 hover:bg-gray-100 hover:text-gray-900 contrast-more:border contrast-more:border-transparent contrast-more:text-gray-900 contrast-more:hover:border-gray-900 dark:text-neutral-400 dark:hover:bg-primary-100/5 dark:hover:text-gray-50 contrast-more:dark:text-gray-50 contrast-more:dark:hover:border-gray-50"
|
||
href="/docs/fediverso/"
|
||
|
||
>Fediverso
|
||
<span class="hextra-sidebar-collapsible-button"><svg fill="none" viewBox="0 0 24 24" stroke="currentColor" class="h-[18px] min-w-[18px] rounded-sm p-0.5 hover:bg-gray-800/5 dark:hover:bg-gray-100/5"><path stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5l7 7-7 7" class="origin-center transition-transform rtl:-rotate-180"></path></svg></span>
|
||
</a><div class="ltr:pr-0 overflow-hidden">
|
||
<ul class='relative flex flex-col gap-1 before:absolute before:inset-y-1 before:w-px before:bg-gray-200 before:content-[""] ltr:ml-3 ltr:pl-3 ltr:before:left-0 rtl:mr-3 rtl:pr-3 rtl:before:right-0 dark:before:bg-neutral-800'><li class="flex flex-col "><a
|
||
class="flex items-center justify-between gap-2 cursor-pointer rounded px-2 py-1.5 text-sm transition-colors [-webkit-tap-highlight-color:transparent] [-webkit-touch-callout:none] [word-break:break-word]
|
||
text-gray-500 hover:bg-gray-100 hover:text-gray-900 contrast-more:border contrast-more:border-transparent contrast-more:text-gray-900 contrast-more:hover:border-gray-900 dark:text-neutral-400 dark:hover:bg-primary-100/5 dark:hover:text-gray-50 contrast-more:dark:text-gray-50 contrast-more:dark:hover:border-gray-50"
|
||
href="/docs/fediverso/disclaimer/"
|
||
|
||
>Disclaimer
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
</li></ul>
|
||
</div></li>
|
||
<li class="open"><a
|
||
class="flex items-center justify-between gap-2 cursor-pointer rounded px-2 py-1.5 text-sm transition-colors [-webkit-tap-highlight-color:transparent] [-webkit-touch-callout:none] [word-break:break-word]
|
||
sidebar-active-item bg-primary-100 font-semibold text-primary-800 contrast-more:border contrast-more:border-primary-500 dark:bg-primary-400/10 dark:text-primary-600 contrast-more:dark:border-primary-500"
|
||
href="/docs/sysadmin/"
|
||
|
||
>Administración de servidores
|
||
<span class="hextra-sidebar-collapsible-button"><svg fill="none" viewBox="0 0 24 24" stroke="currentColor" class="h-[18px] min-w-[18px] rounded-sm p-0.5 hover:bg-gray-800/5 dark:hover:bg-gray-100/5"><path stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5l7 7-7 7" class="origin-center transition-transform rtl:-rotate-180"></path></svg></span>
|
||
</a><div class="ltr:pr-0 overflow-hidden">
|
||
<ul class='relative flex flex-col gap-1 before:absolute before:inset-y-1 before:w-px before:bg-gray-200 before:content-[""] ltr:ml-3 ltr:pl-3 ltr:before:left-0 rtl:mr-3 rtl:pr-3 rtl:before:right-0 dark:before:bg-neutral-800'><li class="flex flex-col "><a
|
||
class="flex items-center justify-between gap-2 cursor-pointer rounded px-2 py-1.5 text-sm transition-colors [-webkit-tap-highlight-color:transparent] [-webkit-touch-callout:none] [word-break:break-word]
|
||
text-gray-500 hover:bg-gray-100 hover:text-gray-900 contrast-more:border contrast-more:border-transparent contrast-more:text-gray-900 contrast-more:hover:border-gray-900 dark:text-neutral-400 dark:hover:bg-primary-100/5 dark:hover:text-gray-50 contrast-more:dark:text-gray-50 contrast-more:dark:hover:border-gray-50"
|
||
href="/docs/sysadmin/util/"
|
||
|
||
>Servidores
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
</li></ul>
|
||
</div></li>
|
||
<li class=""><a
|
||
class="flex items-center justify-between gap-2 cursor-pointer rounded px-2 py-1.5 text-sm transition-colors [-webkit-tap-highlight-color:transparent] [-webkit-touch-callout:none] [word-break:break-word]
|
||
text-gray-500 hover:bg-gray-100 hover:text-gray-900 contrast-more:border contrast-more:border-transparent contrast-more:text-gray-900 contrast-more:hover:border-gray-900 dark:text-neutral-400 dark:hover:bg-primary-100/5 dark:hover:text-gray-50 contrast-more:dark:text-gray-50 contrast-more:dark:hover:border-gray-50"
|
||
href="/docs/misskey/"
|
||
|
||
>Misskey en Novoa
|
||
<span class="hextra-sidebar-collapsible-button"><svg fill="none" viewBox="0 0 24 24" stroke="currentColor" class="h-[18px] min-w-[18px] rounded-sm p-0.5 hover:bg-gray-800/5 dark:hover:bg-gray-100/5"><path stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5l7 7-7 7" class="origin-center transition-transform rtl:-rotate-180"></path></svg></span>
|
||
</a><div class="ltr:pr-0 overflow-hidden">
|
||
<ul class='relative flex flex-col gap-1 before:absolute before:inset-y-1 before:w-px before:bg-gray-200 before:content-[""] ltr:ml-3 ltr:pl-3 ltr:before:left-0 rtl:mr-3 rtl:pr-3 rtl:before:right-0 dark:before:bg-neutral-800'><li class="flex flex-col "><a
|
||
class="flex items-center justify-between gap-2 cursor-pointer rounded px-2 py-1.5 text-sm transition-colors [-webkit-tap-highlight-color:transparent] [-webkit-touch-callout:none] [word-break:break-word]
|
||
text-gray-500 hover:bg-gray-100 hover:text-gray-900 contrast-more:border contrast-more:border-transparent contrast-more:text-gray-900 contrast-more:hover:border-gray-900 dark:text-neutral-400 dark:hover:bg-primary-100/5 dark:hover:text-gray-50 contrast-more:dark:text-gray-50 contrast-more:dark:hover:border-gray-50"
|
||
href="/docs/misskey/actualizar/"
|
||
|
||
>Actualizar Misskey
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
</li><li class="flex flex-col "><a
|
||
class="flex items-center justify-between gap-2 cursor-pointer rounded px-2 py-1.5 text-sm transition-colors [-webkit-tap-highlight-color:transparent] [-webkit-touch-callout:none] [word-break:break-word]
|
||
text-gray-500 hover:bg-gray-100 hover:text-gray-900 contrast-more:border contrast-more:border-transparent contrast-more:text-gray-900 contrast-more:hover:border-gray-900 dark:text-neutral-400 dark:hover:bg-primary-100/5 dark:hover:text-gray-50 contrast-more:dark:text-gray-50 contrast-more:dark:hover:border-gray-50"
|
||
href="/docs/misskey/sys-units/"
|
||
|
||
>Integración al sistema
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
</li><li class="flex flex-col "><a
|
||
class="flex items-center justify-between gap-2 cursor-pointer rounded px-2 py-1.5 text-sm transition-colors [-webkit-tap-highlight-color:transparent] [-webkit-touch-callout:none] [word-break:break-word]
|
||
text-gray-500 hover:bg-gray-100 hover:text-gray-900 contrast-more:border contrast-more:border-transparent contrast-more:text-gray-900 contrast-more:hover:border-gray-900 dark:text-neutral-400 dark:hover:bg-primary-100/5 dark:hover:text-gray-50 contrast-more:dark:text-gray-50 contrast-more:dark:hover:border-gray-50"
|
||
href="/docs/misskey/http-server/"
|
||
|
||
>Servidor HTTP
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
</li></ul>
|
||
</div></li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="[word-break:break-word] mt-5 mb-2 px-2 py-1.5 text-sm font-semibold text-gray-900 first:mt-0 dark:text-gray-100">
|
||
<span class="cursor-default">Más información</span>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li><a
|
||
class="flex items-center justify-between gap-2 cursor-pointer rounded px-2 py-1.5 text-sm transition-colors [-webkit-tap-highlight-color:transparent] [-webkit-touch-callout:none] [word-break:break-word]
|
||
text-gray-500 hover:bg-gray-100 hover:text-gray-900 contrast-more:border contrast-more:border-transparent contrast-more:text-gray-900 contrast-more:hover:border-gray-900 dark:text-neutral-400 dark:hover:bg-primary-100/5 dark:hover:text-gray-50 contrast-more:dark:text-gray-50 contrast-more:dark:hover:border-gray-50"
|
||
href="/novoa/"
|
||
|
||
>Acerca de</a></li>
|
||
|
||
<li><a
|
||
class="flex items-center justify-between gap-2 cursor-pointer rounded px-2 py-1.5 text-sm transition-colors [-webkit-tap-highlight-color:transparent] [-webkit-touch-callout:none] [word-break:break-word]
|
||
text-gray-500 hover:bg-gray-100 hover:text-gray-900 contrast-more:border contrast-more:border-transparent contrast-more:text-gray-900 contrast-more:hover:border-gray-900 dark:text-neutral-400 dark:hover:bg-primary-100/5 dark:hover:text-gray-50 contrast-more:dark:text-gray-50 contrast-more:dark:hover:border-gray-50"
|
||
href="https://gohugo.io/documentation/"
|
||
target="_blank" rel="noreferer"
|
||
>Hugo Docs ↗</a></li>
|
||
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class=" justify-end sticky bottom-0 bg-white dark:bg-dark mx-4 py-4 shadow-[0_-12px_16px_#fff] flex items-center gap-2 dark:border-neutral-800 dark:shadow-[0_-12px_16px_#111] contrast-more:border-neutral-400 contrast-more:shadow-none contrast-more:dark:shadow-none border-t" data-toggle-animation="show"><div class="flex justify-items-start grow">
|
||
<button
|
||
title="Cambiar idioma"
|
||
data-state="closed"
|
||
class="language-switcher h-7 rounded-md px-2 text-left text-xs font-medium text-gray-600 transition-colors dark:text-gray-400 hover:bg-gray-100 hover:text-gray-900 dark:hover:bg-primary-100/5 dark:hover:text-gray-50 grow"
|
||
type="button"
|
||
aria-label="Cambiar idioma"
|
||
>
|
||
<div class="flex items-center gap-2 capitalize"><svg height=12 xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" fill="none" viewBox="0 0 24 24" stroke-width="2" stroke="currentColor" aria-hidden="true"><path stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" d="M21 12a9 9 0 01-9 9m9-9a9 9 0 00-9-9m9 9H3m9 9a9 9 0 01-9-9m9 9c1.657 0 3-4.03 3-9s-1.343-9-3-9m0 18c-1.657 0-3-4.03-3-9s1.343-9 3-9m-9 9a9 9 0 019-9"/></svg><span>Español</span></div>
|
||
</button>
|
||
<ul
|
||
class="language-options hidden z-20 max-h-64 overflow-auto rounded-md ring-1 ring-black/5 bg-white py-1 text-sm shadow-lg dark:ring-white/20 dark:bg-neutral-800"
|
||
style="position: fixed; inset: auto auto 0px 0px; margin: 0px; min-width: 100px;"
|
||
>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="flex flex-col">
|
||
<a
|
||
href="/docs/sysadmin/"
|
||
class="text-gray-800 dark:text-gray-100 hover:bg-primary-50 hover:text-primary-600 hover:dark:bg-primary-500/10 hover:dark:text-primary-600 relative cursor-pointer whitespace-nowrap py-1.5 transition-colors ltr:pl-3 ltr:pr-9 rtl:pr-3 rtl:pl-9"
|
||
>Español<span class="absolute inset-y-0 flex items-center ltr:right-3 rtl:left-3"><svg height=1em width=1em xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" fill="none" viewBox="0 0 24 24" stroke-width="2" stroke="currentColor" aria-hidden="true"><path stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" d="M5 13l4 4L19 7"/></svg></span></a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="flex flex-col">
|
||
<a
|
||
href="/en/"
|
||
class="text-gray-800 dark:text-gray-100 hover:bg-primary-50 hover:text-primary-600 hover:dark:bg-primary-500/10 hover:dark:text-primary-600 relative cursor-pointer whitespace-nowrap py-1.5 transition-colors ltr:pl-3 ltr:pr-9 rtl:pr-3 rtl:pl-9"
|
||
>English</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</div><button
|
||
title="Cambiar tema"
|
||
data-theme="light"
|
||
class="theme-toggle group h-7 rounded-md px-2 text-left text-xs font-medium text-gray-600 transition-colors dark:text-gray-400 hover:bg-gray-100 hover:text-gray-900 dark:hover:bg-primary-100/5 dark:hover:text-gray-50"
|
||
type="button"
|
||
aria-label="Cambiar tema"
|
||
>
|
||
<div class="flex items-center gap-2 capitalize"><svg height=12 class="group-data-[theme=light]:hidden" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" fill="none" viewBox="0 0 24 24" stroke-width="2" stroke="currentColor" aria-hidden="true"><path stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" d="M12 3v1m0 16v1m9-9h-1M4 12H3m15.364 6.364l-.707-.707M6.343 6.343l-.707-.707m12.728 0l-.707.707M6.343 17.657l-.707.707M16 12a4 4 0 11-8 0 4 4 0 018 0z"/></svg><svg height=12 class="group-data-[theme=dark]:hidden" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" fill="none" viewBox="0 0 24 24" stroke-width="2" stroke="currentColor" aria-hidden="true"><path stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" d="M20.354 15.354A9 9 0 018.646 3.646 9.003 9.003 0 0012 21a9.003 9.003 0 008.354-5.646z"/></svg></div>
|
||
</button>
|
||
</div></aside>
|
||
|
||
<nav class="hextra-toc order-last hidden w-64 shrink-0 xl:block print:hidden px-4" aria-label="table of contents">
|
||
<div class="hextra-scrollbar sticky top-16 overflow-y-auto pr-4 pt-6 text-sm [hyphens:auto] max-h-[calc(100vh-var(--navbar-height)-env(safe-area-inset-bottom))] ltr:-mr-4 rtl:-ml-4"><p class="mb-4 font-semibold tracking-tight">En esta página</p><ul>
|
||
<li class="my-2 scroll-my-6 scroll-py-6">
|
||
<a class="font-semibold inline-block text-gray-500 hover:text-gray-900 dark:text-gray-400 dark:hover:text-gray-300 contrast-more:text-gray-900 contrast-more:underline contrast-more:dark:text-gray-50 w-full break-words" href="#recomendaciones-generales">Recomendaciones generales
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="my-2 scroll-my-6 scroll-py-6">
|
||
<a class="font-semibold inline-block text-gray-500 hover:text-gray-900 dark:text-gray-400 dark:hover:text-gray-300 contrast-more:text-gray-900 contrast-more:underline contrast-more:dark:text-gray-50 w-full break-words" href="#usuarios-en-linuxunix">Usuarios en linux/UNIX
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="my-2 scroll-my-6 scroll-py-6">
|
||
<a class="ltr:pl-4 rtl:pr-4 inline-block text-gray-500 hover:text-gray-900 dark:text-gray-400 dark:hover:text-gray-300 contrast-more:text-gray-900 contrast-more:underline contrast-more:dark:text-gray-50 w-full break-words" href="#privilegios-de-usuarios">Privilegios de usuarios
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li></ul>
|
||
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<span>Subir al inicio</span>
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<a href="https://portal.novoa.nagoya/docs/">Documentación de Novoa</a>
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<div class="content">
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<h1>Administración de servidores</h1>
|
||
<h2>Recomendaciones generales<span class="absolute -mt-20" id="recomendaciones-generales"></span>
|
||
<a href="#recomendaciones-generales" class="subheading-anchor" aria-label="Permalink for this section"></a></h2><p>Creo que en primer lugar debes saber y conocer el entorno y/o sistema con el que estas trabajando, en mis servidores he optado por Debian por su versatilidad (en términos de servidores), disponibilidad y estabilidad.</p>
|
||
<p>Sobre Debian debes de saber que hay muchos paquetes o software de servidor que puedes instalar directamente desde su administrador de paquetes, no teniendo que compilar el software ni variables de entorno ni nada, lo único que quedaría en manos del administrador sería justamente administrar los servicios, sin necesidad de complicaciones en absoluto.</p>
|
||
<h2>Usuarios en linux/UNIX<span class="absolute -mt-20" id="usuarios-en-linuxunix"></span>
|
||
<a href="#usuarios-en-linuxunix" class="subheading-anchor" aria-label="Permalink for this section"></a></h2><p>Estos sistemas fueron diseñados desde un inicio para ser utilizados por varios usuarios de manera simultanea, cada uno con un entorno más o menos aisaldo unos con otros, es decir los programas y datos usados por un usuario no pueden ser usados por otro y viceversa.</p>
|
||
<p>Sin embargo también hay un usuario principal llamado super usuario, este usuario también es conocido como root, que es el usuario que puede cambiar todas las configuraciones del sistema e instalar y ejecutar programas a su antojo y sobre otros usuarios, es el usuario que tiene control sobre todo y con el que también se terminan realizando multiples tareas de mantenimiento y administración (como la actualización de software).</p>
|
||
<p>Siendo este usuario tan imporante es una buena idea usarlo en la menor medida si no sabes exactamente lo que el comando que estas usando esta realmente realizando, de esta manera, como es un poco imposible verificar y checar todo el código existente en tu sistema lo que se realiza de manera general es hacer un usuario por cada servicio o programa que estes ejecutando (que es también lo que hacen varias distribuciones como Debian).</p>
|
||
<p>He de mencionar que hay programas más complejos que quizá requieran el uso de grupos como tareas de respaldo pero eso lo detallaré en otra entrada.</p>
|
||
<h3>Privilegios de usuarios<span class="absolute -mt-20" id="privilegios-de-usuarios"></span>
|
||
<a href="#privilegios-de-usuarios" class="subheading-anchor" aria-label="Permalink for this section"></a></h3><p>Lo mejor aquí es que ya que son usuarios de alguna u otra manera virtual, creados solo para ejecutar un programa los queremos de una manera aislada y con los privilegios mínimos que se les puedan otorgar, así si el servicio que operamos tiene una falla causará el menor daño en el sistema, el propósito de esto es mitigar las superficie de ataque y este es un patrón es algo usado en todos los programas, como en sus usuarios, sus entornos de ejecución y sus unidades de servicio.</p>
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</div>
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||
<div class="mt-12 mb-8 block text-xs text-gray-500 ltr:text-right rtl:text-left dark:text-gray-400">Última actualización <time datetime="2024-01-13T22:32:44.000Z">13 de enero de 2024</time></div>
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title="Documentación de Novoa"
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><svg class="inline h-5 shrink-0 ltr:rotate-180" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" fill="none" viewBox="0 0 24 24" stroke-width="2" stroke="currentColor" aria-hidden="true"><path stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" d="M9 5l7 7-7 7"/></svg>Documentación de Novoa</a><a
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>Misskey en Novoa<svg class="inline h-5 shrink-0" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" fill="none" viewBox="0 0 24 24" stroke-width="2" stroke="currentColor" aria-hidden="true"><path stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" d="M9 5l7 7-7 7"/></svg></a></div>
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